Rashida Mustafa and Emilie Zickel
You have chosen a topic. You have taken that topic and developed it into a research question or a hypothesis. Now it is time to begin your research. But before diving deep into Google, it can be helpful to think about what kinds of information you want and/or need.
You may want to begin by asking yourself questions relating to your chosen topic so that you can begin sifting through and perusing sources that you will use to further your understanding of the topic. When you begin the research phase of your essay, you will come across an array of sources that look helpful in the beginning, but once you have a clearer idea of what you want to research, you might see that the research you were once considering to use in your essay is now irrelevant. To make your research efficient, start your research with a research strategy.
A research strategy involves deciding what you need to know in order to answer your research question.
What data do you need?
What can different kinds of sources – popular or academic, primary/secondary/tertiary – offer you?
Whose perspectives could help you to answer your research question?
What kinds of professionals/scholars will be able to give you the information you seek?
What kinds of keywords should you be using to get the information that you want?
As you seek sources that can help you to answer your research question, think about the types of “voices” you need to hear from.
Scientists/researchers who have conducted their own research studies on your topic
Scholars/thinkers/writers who have also looked at your topic and offered their own analyses of it
Journalists who are reporting on what they have observed
Journalists/newspaper or magazine authors who are providing their educated opinions on your topic
Critics, commentators or others who offer opinions on your topic
Tertiary sources/fact books that offer statistics or data (usually without analysis)
Personal stories of individuals who have lived through an event
Bloggers/tweeters/other social media posters
Any of these perspectives (and more) could be useful in helping you to answer your research question.
Wikipedia can help you to identify key terms, people, events, arguments or other elements that are essential to understanding your topic. The information that you find on Wikipedia can also offer ideas for keywords that you can use to search in academic databases. Spending a bit of time in Wikipedia can help you to answer essential questions such as:
Do you fully understand the history of your topic?
Do you understand the current situation/most recent information on your topic?
Do you know about key events that have shaped the controversy surrounding your topic?
Should you cite Wikipedia? NO. Should you be using a Wikipedia page as a source? NO. But Wikipedia can give you some wonderful access to the context surrounding your topic and help you to get started. The video below offers more tips on how you can integrate Wikipedia into your research strategy.
“Using Wikipedia for Academic Research” by Michael Baird (Cooperative Library Instruction Project) is licensed under CC BY
"Coming Up with Research Strategies" from 1st Edition: A Guide to Rhetoric, Genre, and Success in First-Year Writing (No Longer Updated) by Rashida Mustafa and Emilie Zickel is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. No changes were made to the author's original work.